CELIA READING GUIDE: READING DUE FEB. 23

These questions will guide our discussion...think about them as you read.

Describe the area of Calloway County, Missouri. What was the land like? What were the people like? Describe the economic and social life.

What is Newsom’s position in that social and economic structure?

            How much land does he own?

            How many slaves does he own?

(he “had invested in human chattel”)

What was her life like as a slave in the Newsom household? (this is a new question)

Describe Celia’s introduction to life as a slave of Robert Newsom.

George said “he would have nothing more to do with her [Celia] if she did not quit the old man.”

Why does he say this?

Who is George?

                                    Why does he assume Celia has a choice?

How does Celia kill Newsom?

Throughout the book, when does Celia express agency, the ability to make decisions and exert some measure of power on her own and over her own body and mind?

Describe the reaction of the press, the courts, and of the Newsom family to the killing.

Interpret the quote on page 107, toward the beginning of Chapter Six:

“At this point the defense’s arguments began to threaten the very foundations of the institution of slavery. Celia, the defense insisted, even though a slave, was entitled by law to use deadly force to protect her honor.”

Interpret the quote on page 119:

“Another generally held expectation within the society was that the slaveholder be responsible for and behave morally toward his human property.”

If you had the opportunity to describe the meaning of the book to a friend, not what it is about but what it means, what would you say?

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION

WHAT WOULD IT TAKE FOR YOU TO TAKE UP ARMS AND REVOLT VIOLENTLY AGAINST YOUR COUNTRY?

How do modern political, social, or market movements spread?

I. Changing Policies:

(ending “salutary neglect”)

            A. Navigation Acts:

            B. Sugar Act (1764)

            C. Stamp Act (1765)

Stamp Act Repealed in February of 1766

In spite of each parasite, each cringing slave

Each cautious dastard, each oppressive knave

Each gibing ass, that reptile of an hour

The supercilious pimp of abject slaves in power

We are met to celebrate in festive mirth

The day that gave our freedom second birth

That tells us, British Grenville never more

Shall dare usurp unjust, illegal power

Or threaten America’s free sons with chains,

While the least spark of ancient fire remains

            D. Townshend Duties (1767)

…written by John Dickinson of Delaware…1768.

Come join hand in hand, brave Americans all, 

And rouse your bold hearts at fair Liberty's call; 

No tyrannous acts, shall suppress your just claim, 

Or stain with dishonor America's name. 

In freedom we're born, and in freedom we'll live; 

Our purses are ready, 

Steady, Friends, steady. 

Not as slaves but freemen our money we'll give. 

II. Escalation:

A.                      The Boston Massacre

B.                      Burning of the Gaspee

C.                      The Boston Tea Party, 1773

D.                       Intolerable Acts

(1774, also called The Coercive Acts)

1. Boston Port Bill
2. Massachusetts Bay Regulating Act
3. Impartial Administration of Justice Act

4. Quartering Act

--RELATED BUT NOT CALLED INTOLERABLE EVEN THOUGH IT WAS INTOLERABLE--
The Quebec Act
III. Events plus Ideas=

Revolution

A. EVENTS:

Lexington and Concord

B. IDEAS:

1.                  Thomas Paine,

  “Common Sense” 1776

Why does Paine think it is in America's best interest to be free from Britain?

What are his five best arguments?

How do you think a loyalist would react to Paine's arguments?

Write a short rebuttal to “Common Sense.”

“But where says some is the King of America? I'll tell you Friend, he reigns above, and doth not make havoc of mankind like the Royal Brute of Britain...let it be brought forth placed on the divine law, the word of God; let a crown be placed thereon, by which the world may know, that so far as we approve of monarchy, that in America THE LAW IS KING.”

“Small islands not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something very absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet, and as England and America, with respect to each Other, reverses the common order of nature, it is evident they belong to different systems: England to Europe- America to itself.”

2.                  Thomas Jefferson:

Declaration of Independence

WINTER 2012 HISTORY 231 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

Format:

I. TERMS: I will put 7 terms on the exam, taken from the following list. In two to three sentences for each term, you will identify and give the significance.

"Modelle of Christian Charity"

Town Meeting

Tituba

Bacon's Rebellion

House of Burgesses

Middle Passage

Indentured Servitude

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

George Whitefield

The Junto

South Carolina Regulators

North Carolina Regulators

Susquehannah Company

Paxton Boys

Treaty of Paris of 1763

Treaty of Paris of 1783

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

Sons of Liberty

Daughters of Liberty

Burning the Gaspee

II. ESSAY: I will choose one of the following two questions. Prepare both!

1. Of the following, which were the most important challenges to British authority leading the British colonists to question their connection to England?

The Great Awakening, The American Enlightenment, The French and Indian War, the Industrial Revolution, the Susquehannah Company, the Paxton Boys, the Regulator Movements, The Boston Fire, the Great Migration of 1773.

(you do not have to write about all of these but should choose as many as you need to make your case)

2. You are British to the core. Many of your family members live in London. As a longtime resident of Philadelphia and a writer for Benjamin Franklin's newspaper, The Gazette, you often discuss political subjects. The "Declaration of Independence" was just delivered to the King (1776), yet many of your readers are unsure of their allegiance: to the Crown or the colonies? You wrote an opinion piece on “Common Sense,” and now Franklin wants you to write an editorial giving what you feel is the correct opinion on the weighty matter of independence. Should you go against England and support the Revolution? Should you be loyal to your British roots? What are the best arguments in support of your position? What will your newspaper column say?

(remember, the creative option requires the same level of detail as the more analytical question)

HOW TO STUDY FOR THIS EXAM:1. Separate your thinking on the studying into two realms, the essay and the terms, but be willing to link up the two later. Too many students learn tons of info for the terms and then fail to include that same detail in the essay.

2. For the terms, write each one out on notecards and study those. There’s much more success when people write out each term and its details rather than simply highlighting your notes.

3. Make outlines for the essays. NO, YOU CAN’T USE THOSE ON THE EXAM, but it is a great way to study. Make sure that your outlines have way too much detail, way more than any normal human could ever remember.

4. Try to memorize the outlines. Try to write them word for word without looking at the original. Fill in the gaps where you did not recall something. Do it again. Walk around your study area speaking the outline, looking down only when you need to for a quick reminder of the detail. Speak it again. Write it again…and most of all, have fun.

5. Use a textbook or online sources while you study to fill in the gaps in your notes and to add detail where you lack it.

6. Follow Napoleon’s advice: “In planning a campaign I purposely exaggerate all the dangers and all the calamities that the circumstances make possible.”

SAMPLE FULL CREDIT IDENTIFICATION RESPONSE TAKEN FROM A PREVIOUS EXAM:

Burning the Gaspee:

In 1772 the British sent a ship called the Gaspee to patrol the waters off of Rhode Island to stop black market ships. The ship ran aground. The Sons of Liberty, a secret organization devoted to colonial independence, found the ship on a sandbar and burned it into the sea. This is significant because it shows that the colonists were now violently against the British and were organized and ready to fight.

THOMAS PAINE READING GUIDE

THINK ABOUT THESE QUESTIONS AS YOU READ...

As with Franklin, they will not be handed in but should guide your reading...

1. How is Paine's view of government connected to his arguments for revolution?

2. What is Paine's argument for an American declaration of independence?

3. For Paine, what's the connection between religion and government.

4. How do you think a loyalist would react to Paine's arguments?

5. Why does Paine think it is in America's best interest to be free from Britain?

REVISED SCHEDULE(frankly, it's not so revised but just a reminder)

Thursday, 1/26:  Mid Century Challenges and Franklin/Midterm Review/Common Sense Reading Guide

Tuesday, 1/31: LIBRARY DAY...NO CLASS

Thursday, 2/2: Origins of the Revolution/Common Sense Discussion

Tuesday, 2/7: More Revolution...more midterm review

Thursday, 2/9: MIDTERM EXAM

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN READING GUIDE

You will not turn these questions in, but will should guide your reading and aid your understanding of this book. The more specific page numbers you use, the better our discussion will be.
1. Describe the tone of this autobiography. Point to examples of Franklin’s tone sounding arrogant. Point to examples of Franklin’s humility.

2. How would you describe young Ben's attitude toward education, work, and financial success? Give an example or two to illustrate your answer.

3. In Part 3 of the Autobiography Franklin reflects on the problems encountered when governments are in the hands of people who pursue their own private interests at the expense of the public good. What solution does he advocate? How realistic do you think it is?

4. Give some examples of how Franklin spends his time making society better. Why do you think he does this? What is the purpose of the Junto club?

5. Give some examples of how Franklin spends time trying to improve himself.

6. What was Franklin’s daily life like?

7. Describe Franklin’s religious beliefs. What does the passage about George Whitefield say about Franklin’s view of religion?

8. And finally, do you think he was right in recognizing the tendency of politicians to seek after their own interest at the expense of the public good? Can you cite examples of such behavior in our current state, local, and national government?

9. Former Secretary of Education and sometime Republican presidential candidate, William Bennett, in his best selling Book of Virtues, suggests that every American school boy and girl should be made to read and study the values contained in this eighteenth-century book. What are those values? Are they still applicable today? Can values be taught in schools? Should they be? Is it possible to agree on a single list of “virtues”?

“Discovery” and Settlement

I. The Colonizers:

Remember, colonies=tensions.

     (Anglo-Indian, Anglo-French, etc.)

A.   French:

           Quebec: 1608

B.  The Dutch:1609-1644:

Manhattan=5000 inhabitants by 1700

--mostly Dutch, but quite religiously and ethnically diverse:

15% African (overwhelmingly slaves), also some Jews, Dutch Reformed, Walloon, British Anglicans, Presbyterians,  French Protestant, Roman Catholics, Quakers, singing Quakers, ranting Quakers, Sabbatarians and anti-Sabbatarians, Anabaptists

C.  The English:

Why colonize?

Ø     Religious Reasons

Ø     Social Reasons

1485: 3 million

1603: 4 million

Ø     Economic Reasons

Mercantilism

  “The Crop that Cureth”

Scottish Physician in 1614:

“It prepareth the stomacke for meat, it maketh a clear voice, it maketh a sweet breath, it cleareth the sight, it openeth the eares and openeth the passage of the nose. It comforteth nerves, and taken in siruppe there is no obstruction that can abide it. It is present reliefe against the most part of poysons. And in few words, it is the princesse of physical plants.” 

Labor trouble

Indentured Servitude

     (to 1700, 75% of laborers

were indentured servants)

Slavery

Growing Pains in the 17^th Century:

While the colonies began to prosper by the mid 17^th century, every colony also struggled.

Today, we will see this struggle through three examples:

(Virginia)                               1. Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676

(New England)                    2. King Philip’s War, 1675-1676

(Massachusetts)                 3. Witchcraft, 1692