EXTRA CREDIT...unprecedented!

What’s the most important Supreme Court case of all time?

Interrupt…no, it’s Marbury v. Madison, duh!

Homework: ask and then cut off and say, “no, it’s M v. M”

      

Worth 3 points on midterm

JEFFERSON'S AMERICA, FROM 1800 TO THE 1920S

SHAPE OF THE NATION:

2.5 million in 1775

5.3 million in 1800

300,000 in towns of 2500 or more (less than 7% “urban”)

893,000 people in slavery

"My father was a farmer and by the help of his trusty rifle kept the family in wild meat such as bear, elk, deer, and wild Turkey."

"My Farm gave me and my family a good living on the produce of it; and left me, one year after another, one hundred and fifty dollars, for I have never spent more than ten dollars a year, which was for salt, nails, and the like. Nothing to wear, eat, or drink was purchased, as my farm produced all."

From Jefferson to the 1820s

I. Election of 1800

Revolution of 1800?

II. The Courts

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

III. The West: Completing the Vision

A. Louisiana Purchase

B. Lewis and Clark

IV. Slavery

V. Jeffersonians become

“federalists”

A. Louisiana Purchase/

Lewis and Clark

                        B. National Bank

                        C. High Tariff

                        D. Strong Military

VI. Foreign Entanglements:

War of 1812

VII. The Transportation Revolution

1. Canals   http://www.eriecanal.org/locks.html

2. Turnpikes

3. Steamboats

VIII. The “Knell” of the Union

The Missouri Compromise: 1821

THE NEW NATION

The New Nation:

I.                                Creating the Constitution

A.                 Context:

Shay’s Rebellion: 1786

B.                 Constitutional Convention

Structural Features:  Three Branches:

Key Concepts:

a. Federalism

1. Virginia Plan

(TWO HOUSES, BASED ON POP.)

2. New Jersey Plan

(ONE HOUSE, ONE VOTE PER STATE)

3. Connecticut Plan

(THE GREAT COMPROMISE)

b. Democracy:

c. Liberty:

"Liberty is to be free from restraint and violence from others." Locke

--Locke helped Americans envision the attainment of natural rights.

"Men by nature are free, equal, and independent." Rousseau, The Social Contract 1762

"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains."

d. Limited government

e. Equality: belief in an equal chance at life

f. Civic Duty: perfect society has a price

II.                             Ratification of the Constitution

--by July of 1788, 10 of 13 had ratified the Constitution.

--by 1790, all 13 had ratified.

PROTECTING LIBERTY:

The Bill of Rights…

III.                           First Party System:

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

                        Hamilton                       vs.        Jefferson

                              Ham: People are “ambitious, vindictive, and rapacious…and seldom

judge or determine right.”

IV.                          Election of 1796: (Adams)         Alien and Sedition Acts

CELIA READING GUIDE: READING DUE FEB. 23

These questions will guide our discussion...think about them as you read.

Describe the area of Calloway County, Missouri. What was the land like? What were the people like? Describe the economic and social life.

What is Newsom’s position in that social and economic structure?

            How much land does he own?

            How many slaves does he own?

(he “had invested in human chattel”)

What was her life like as a slave in the Newsom household? (this is a new question)

Describe Celia’s introduction to life as a slave of Robert Newsom.

George said “he would have nothing more to do with her [Celia] if she did not quit the old man.”

Why does he say this?

Who is George?

                                    Why does he assume Celia has a choice?

How does Celia kill Newsom?

Throughout the book, when does Celia express agency, the ability to make decisions and exert some measure of power on her own and over her own body and mind?

Describe the reaction of the press, the courts, and of the Newsom family to the killing.

Interpret the quote on page 107, toward the beginning of Chapter Six:

“At this point the defense’s arguments began to threaten the very foundations of the institution of slavery. Celia, the defense insisted, even though a slave, was entitled by law to use deadly force to protect her honor.”

Interpret the quote on page 119:

“Another generally held expectation within the society was that the slaveholder be responsible for and behave morally toward his human property.”

If you had the opportunity to describe the meaning of the book to a friend, not what it is about but what it means, what would you say?

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION

WHAT WOULD IT TAKE FOR YOU TO TAKE UP ARMS AND REVOLT VIOLENTLY AGAINST YOUR COUNTRY?

How do modern political, social, or market movements spread?

I. Changing Policies:

(ending “salutary neglect”)

            A. Navigation Acts:

            B. Sugar Act (1764)

            C. Stamp Act (1765)

Stamp Act Repealed in February of 1766

In spite of each parasite, each cringing slave

Each cautious dastard, each oppressive knave

Each gibing ass, that reptile of an hour

The supercilious pimp of abject slaves in power

We are met to celebrate in festive mirth

The day that gave our freedom second birth

That tells us, British Grenville never more

Shall dare usurp unjust, illegal power

Or threaten America’s free sons with chains,

While the least spark of ancient fire remains

            D. Townshend Duties (1767)

…written by John Dickinson of Delaware…1768.

Come join hand in hand, brave Americans all, 

And rouse your bold hearts at fair Liberty's call; 

No tyrannous acts, shall suppress your just claim, 

Or stain with dishonor America's name. 

In freedom we're born, and in freedom we'll live; 

Our purses are ready, 

Steady, Friends, steady. 

Not as slaves but freemen our money we'll give. 

II. Escalation:

A.                      The Boston Massacre

B.                      Burning of the Gaspee

C.                      The Boston Tea Party, 1773

D.                       Intolerable Acts

(1774, also called The Coercive Acts)

1. Boston Port Bill
2. Massachusetts Bay Regulating Act
3. Impartial Administration of Justice Act

4. Quartering Act

--RELATED BUT NOT CALLED INTOLERABLE EVEN THOUGH IT WAS INTOLERABLE--
The Quebec Act
III. Events plus Ideas=

Revolution

A. EVENTS:

Lexington and Concord

B. IDEAS:

1.                  Thomas Paine,

  “Common Sense” 1776

Why does Paine think it is in America's best interest to be free from Britain?

What are his five best arguments?

How do you think a loyalist would react to Paine's arguments?

Write a short rebuttal to “Common Sense.”

“But where says some is the King of America? I'll tell you Friend, he reigns above, and doth not make havoc of mankind like the Royal Brute of Britain...let it be brought forth placed on the divine law, the word of God; let a crown be placed thereon, by which the world may know, that so far as we approve of monarchy, that in America THE LAW IS KING.”

“Small islands not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something very absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island. In no instance hath nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet, and as England and America, with respect to each Other, reverses the common order of nature, it is evident they belong to different systems: England to Europe- America to itself.”

2.                  Thomas Jefferson:

Declaration of Independence

WINTER 2012 HISTORY 231 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE

Format:

I. TERMS: I will put 7 terms on the exam, taken from the following list. In two to three sentences for each term, you will identify and give the significance.

"Modelle of Christian Charity"

Town Meeting

Tituba

Bacon's Rebellion

House of Burgesses

Middle Passage

Indentured Servitude

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

George Whitefield

The Junto

South Carolina Regulators

North Carolina Regulators

Susquehannah Company

Paxton Boys

Treaty of Paris of 1763

Treaty of Paris of 1783

Stamp Act

Boston Massacre

Sons of Liberty

Daughters of Liberty

Burning the Gaspee

II. ESSAY: I will choose one of the following two questions. Prepare both!

1. Of the following, which were the most important challenges to British authority leading the British colonists to question their connection to England?

The Great Awakening, The American Enlightenment, The French and Indian War, the Industrial Revolution, the Susquehannah Company, the Paxton Boys, the Regulator Movements, The Boston Fire, the Great Migration of 1773.

(you do not have to write about all of these but should choose as many as you need to make your case)

2. You are British to the core. Many of your family members live in London. As a longtime resident of Philadelphia and a writer for Benjamin Franklin's newspaper, The Gazette, you often discuss political subjects. The "Declaration of Independence" was just delivered to the King (1776), yet many of your readers are unsure of their allegiance: to the Crown or the colonies? You wrote an opinion piece on “Common Sense,” and now Franklin wants you to write an editorial giving what you feel is the correct opinion on the weighty matter of independence. Should you go against England and support the Revolution? Should you be loyal to your British roots? What are the best arguments in support of your position? What will your newspaper column say?

(remember, the creative option requires the same level of detail as the more analytical question)

HOW TO STUDY FOR THIS EXAM:1. Separate your thinking on the studying into two realms, the essay and the terms, but be willing to link up the two later. Too many students learn tons of info for the terms and then fail to include that same detail in the essay.

2. For the terms, write each one out on notecards and study those. There’s much more success when people write out each term and its details rather than simply highlighting your notes.

3. Make outlines for the essays. NO, YOU CAN’T USE THOSE ON THE EXAM, but it is a great way to study. Make sure that your outlines have way too much detail, way more than any normal human could ever remember.

4. Try to memorize the outlines. Try to write them word for word without looking at the original. Fill in the gaps where you did not recall something. Do it again. Walk around your study area speaking the outline, looking down only when you need to for a quick reminder of the detail. Speak it again. Write it again…and most of all, have fun.

5. Use a textbook or online sources while you study to fill in the gaps in your notes and to add detail where you lack it.

6. Follow Napoleon’s advice: “In planning a campaign I purposely exaggerate all the dangers and all the calamities that the circumstances make possible.”

SAMPLE FULL CREDIT IDENTIFICATION RESPONSE TAKEN FROM A PREVIOUS EXAM:

Burning the Gaspee:

In 1772 the British sent a ship called the Gaspee to patrol the waters off of Rhode Island to stop black market ships. The ship ran aground. The Sons of Liberty, a secret organization devoted to colonial independence, found the ship on a sandbar and burned it into the sea. This is significant because it shows that the colonists were now violently against the British and were organized and ready to fight.

THOMAS PAINE READING GUIDE

THINK ABOUT THESE QUESTIONS AS YOU READ...

As with Franklin, they will not be handed in but should guide your reading...

1. How is Paine's view of government connected to his arguments for revolution?

2. What is Paine's argument for an American declaration of independence?

3. For Paine, what's the connection between religion and government.

4. How do you think a loyalist would react to Paine's arguments?

5. Why does Paine think it is in America's best interest to be free from Britain?